Sunday, October 30, 2016

women photojournalists

          According to the award winning photojournalist, Lynsey Addario, “most of the work in photojournalism is establishing relationships”. Who better to understand women’s issues than an actual woman? Stephanie Sinclair is an American photojournalist based in Brooklyn NY. She is able to get access to some of the most sensitive gender issues and human rights issues around the world. According to National Geographi, she graduated with her B.S. in journalism and started working in the Chicago Tribune, which sent her to cover the war in Iraq. She now contributes her freelance photography to National Geographic, the New York Times Magazine, Newsweek, Stern, GEO, and Marie Claire, among others. She was awarded the UNICEF’s photo of the year and the Lumix festival for Young Photojournalism Freelens Award for her thorough work on the issue of child marriage.

 Photo By: Stephanie Sinclair
Year Created: 2015
Principle #1: In or out of focus
The image is pretty sharp but the background is slightly out of focus. The mountains in the background help the image to create the overall mood and environment of the image.
Principle #2: Texture
the texture of the background seems very dry and arid. It makes me think of a harsh life and drastic measure needed to be made in order to survive. 
Principle #3: Obvious main subject, about 1/4 to 2/3 of image area
The main subject is in the far right corner of the image, and it does not crowd the edges. If the other couple was not in the picture, I believe the picture would have been more impacting. 
Why did I choose this image?
I chose this image because it represents the sad reality of child marriage. No one seems happy in this picture and is indicative of the life these little girls have to endure. 

          Stephanie Sinclair has won countless awards for her work in female circumcision, women’s issues in Afghanistan, failure of the death penalty in Illinois, she was one of the people that won the Pulitzer prize for documenting the problems within the airline industry in 2000. She has done exhibitions on the consequences of early marriage worldwide, Indonesian female circumcision, images of war, and Breaking the Frame, Pioneering Women Photojournalists. As the photojournalist, Sophia Nahli Allison stated, “I believe visual storytelling is a creative tool for social change”. This quote, I believe is the core of every photojournalist’s belief, and why they do what they do.

Photo by: Unknown
Year created: 2013
Principle #1: Rule of Thirds
Stephanie Sinclair is photographed on the outer third of the frame. 
Principle #2: Is the image in Black & White or Color?
The image is in black and white by choice. It gives the her more credibility, and makes her look more professional. 
Principle #3: Keep it simple
The image is very simple and straight to the point. The white background contrasted with her black clothing makes her pop. 
Why did I choose this image?
I chose the picture of Stephanie Sinclair because it showed how much of a respected photojournalist she is as she is featured on National Geographic. 


          Women scientists often face gender bias and wage discrimination, even though we are in the 21st century. According to AAUW, "Many women scientists and engineers leave their careers because they feel uncomfortable with their male counterparts and their working environments". Many women interviewed have said they have heard their male counterparts say they have gotten their job due to affirmative action. Many men base the validity of a woman’s career on their looks. Last year a Nobel Prize winning biochemist, Tim Hunt, made headline when he said that “the trouble with girls was that three things happen when they are let in the lab, you fall in love with them, they fall in love with you, and when you criticize them, they cry”. 
Photo By: Viktor Koen
Year Created: 2013
Principle #1: Subject's Expression
The female scientist is posing in a very authoritative way. Her facial expression matches her body language. 
Principle #2: Quality of Light
The light behind the subject is bold and centered directly behind her drawing your attention to her. 
Principle #3 What feelings does the image create?
The image created a feeling of power. She is someone to be respected. The explosion in the background makes her seem like a powerful woman.
Why did I choose this image?
I chose this image because she is a scientist and she is highly respected and commands that respect in the image. It represents that she can be a woman and look pretty, yet be smart and highly educated.  

          Studies show that research universities rate applicants with male names are more competent, more hireable, and more deserving of higher pay even though their female counterparts resumes are identical. Men dominate the STEM field jobs and that needs to change. Men need to admit that this is a reality and find the reasons behind the gender bias issues in the scientific world. Women need to always prove themselves to their male counterparts. Like Frances Benjamin Johnston stood for in the early 20th century, women have the right to control their economic, social, and personal lives. In this case, if they wanted to go into a male dominated field, they have every right to do so and be treated and an equal. 

          Personally, I have never been discriminated by my gender due to the fact I have worked in healthcare for the past 15 years. Healthcare is a predominantly female dominated so I have never had an issue with that. On the academic side, I have always been surprisingly good at Mathematics, and when people see that, they always say “wow, you are pretty good at this for a girl”. I understand why they are surprised, but I always feel like saying, so what if I’m a girl? All in all we need more women scientists and to teach men and our future generations about gender equality.

Saturday, October 22, 2016

Technology Timeline

My PowerPoint on some of the photographic technology advances that changed photojournalism throughout history.

Saturday, October 8, 2016

Chapter four

          A DSLR camera is a digital single-lens reflex camera. It works similarly as the technology before, except the quality and response is better. DSLR’s have built in mirrors and the photographer has the ability to change lenses. DSLR cameras have large imaging sensors so, the larger the sensor, the better the picture. Dealing with low lighting, DSLR cameras not only works better because of the larger sensor, but in this case, you can expose the image sensor for as long as you want in most cases. With a DSLR camera you can attach external flashes, fit filters on the end of the lens to change the colors and contrast. The possibilities are endless with this type of camera. 
Photo by: Nikon


          For photojournalists, their job is to “record the human condition as openly and honestly as you can”. Before DSLR’s became a thing, photojournalists would take their pictures, send it to the associated press, and the editors would view the picture, manipulate it and publish them. Meaning, the job of a photojournalist ended after the picture was taken. Now with digital photography, photojournalism which was then considered a "low tech job, has become one of the most technically demanding positions at any media outlet”. They must be an IT manager, write, videographer, video and photo editor, webmaster, and computer repair technician, besides being an accomplished photojournalist. This is due to the fact that most photographer work alone and away from their offices, they need to have all these abilities due to issues that can come about when you least expect it". This type of technology also helped photojournalists by freeing them from the dark room processing and allowed the photos to reach the newsroom in a matter of minutes rather than hours. Also, you can take as many pictures as you want until you get the right one due to the DSLR’s memory capabilities.

          Photojournalism was transformed after digital photography evolved because of how fast the images get out to the public, in comparison to pre-digital photography. In the early 1990’s, photos were sent out via wire services to newspaper companies around the world, and this process took forty minutes per picture to transmit. It was poor quality, unreliable connections. The time it took to physically produce the picture, and send it through the telephone line took about three hours and forty minutes, assuming everything went perfectly. Not just that, but photojournalists had to lug "travel kits that consisted of five large plastic cases containing a darkroom and transmitting equipment", among all of their camera equipment. According to Professor Nordell, "technology from the 1990's to the present, the amount of change in that period, is just astronomical. It almost dwarfs the amount of change from 1840 to 1990". 

          The DSLR camera will have two viewfinders, the digital display and the eyepiece. The eyepiece is the most accurate way to view the picture before taking it. Its light is reflected twice, first through a mirror, then through a pentaprism or pentamirror. This prevents the picture to be unreversed. When you take the picture, the mirror moves, which causes the viewfinder to go black for a moment, so the light can shine right into the sensor. In wet plate collodion process, in order to develop a picture, you have to coat it with chemicals, sensitize it, and expose it, all within a fifteen minute window using a darkroom. "Collodion photography is difficult and somewhat dangerous to do". This process during the Civil War was especially challenging, because they had to travel with their wagons full of chemicals. "Each time they moved, they had to secure the chemicals and plates. Each time they stopped, they had to be level". Both processes are very different and the only similarity found, is that they both have the ability to create a picture with fine detail. 
Photo By: Luo Dan